Personal Injury Lawyer Blog

Police Brutality – Part III

August 18th, 2010 by Brian Zeiger

In my previous post I mentioned declaratory judgment and promised to follow-up. Basically, when you sue in federal court you can ask for a change in police, city or county policy (in the next post I will explain the difference between federal court and state court civil rights actions). Also, you can ask the federal court to grant you process in state court.

The concept of declaratory judgment is better understood through examples.

Example 1: A woman was pulled over by the police for speeding. She says that she was totally cooperative with the officer, he called her a racial slur, and broke her jaw by punching her in the jaw with a closed fist. The officer says that she got out of the car before the officer even approached the car, she was yelled and screamed at the officer, poked him in the chest, and when the officer attempted to get her to go back in the car she attempted to punch the officer in the face and the officer moved out of the way and she fell on the hood of her own car and broke her jaw.

It turns out that the woman is very wealthy and money is not a factor to her. She wants the officer fired. When her lawyer files the lawsuit in federal court, discovery is conducted and the lawyer asks for the video from the hood of police cruiser. The township claims they don’t have video dashboard cameras on the hoods of their cars.

The result of the case is that the township is forced to install cameras on the hoods of all of the cars and the cameras are connected to the cars in a way that the dashboard cameras cannot be disabled by the police officers, i.e. if the dashboard camera is disconnected the cruiser won’t start.

Example 2: In a very small town in Pennsylvania, where everyone knows your name, plaintiff is given a citation for disorderly conduct. He shows up at his hearing on time at the correct location, but he is found guilty without a hearing. The judges says that everyone knows him and the officer, so he must be guilty. Plaintiff files a de novo appeal to the Court of Common Pleas for a real trial and the prothonotary marks the filing as “DENIED.” The prothonotary cannot do this as a matter of law.

Plaintiff sues and doesn’t want money because he is going to medical school and doesn’t want a criminal record. The federal judge orders the lower court conviction vacated and orders the township to conduct a hearing; further the judge orders an investigation into the lower court judge, the officer who issued the citation, and the prothonotary.

YouTube Preview Image

Share/Save/Bookmark

Police Brutality – Part II

August 17th, 2010 by Brian Zeiger

Now that we have established that you have a police brutality civil rights case, the next question is: how much is my case worth?

This is the hardest question to answer. Everyone thinks their case is worth a million bucks, but most cases aren’t worth close to that amount. Also, in some cases, people may want declaratory relief, which I will save for a later post (meaning the courts force the government to change a policy).

When I look at a police brutality case for financial damages I ask many questions in my assessment:

  • What were the extent of the physical injuries? Was there a hospital visit? How much is the hospital bill? What happened at the hospital? What were you treated for: gun shot wound, concussion, broken bones, stitches, etc? Is there any continuing treatment: are you in physical therapy as a result of the injury? If you were incarcerated, did the prison give you medical treatment? When you were released from custody, did you take yourself to the hospital? Is there a diagnosis that had you been given treatment in custody, you would not have the same injury, or would the injury have been not as bad?
  • What was the true outcome of the criminal case? How did the criminal case resolve? How much did you pay a criminal lawyer to represent you in the criminal case?
  • Were you incarcerated for any period of time as a result of the false arrest? What was the length of time? Was the length of time related only to this instant case, or was the length of your incarcerated due to other issues plus this case?
  • Did you miss any time at work? Did you lose your job?
  • Has the police officer every done this before?
  • Is what happened to you something that happens to people all the time and the city or county should have changed a policy that would have prevented this incident?
  • Compared to other instances of police misconduct, how outrageous is your case? Are the actions of the police officer unique in the instant case?

There are many other factors that we look at when trying to assess damages in civil rights cases, but this should be enough to give you an idea of basics.

We have prosecuted very small cases where police are simply confiscating cell phones and destroying them because people are video taping police conduct. We have also prosecuted some very big cases where people have been shot by the police. All of these civil rights cases have value, but analyzing a case’s value is dependent on all of the factors listed above.

YouTube Preview Image

Share/Save/Bookmark

Police Brutality – Part I

August 4th, 2010 by Brian Zeiger

When does a serious police brutality case exist? Can I sue the Police?

Every lawyer may tell you a different answer to this question, but we focus our attention on what happened in the intial incident, was an arrest made, and if so what is the outcome of the criminal matter. Often times, our clients hire us to represent them both for the criminal matter and the police brutality matter to ensure continuity throughout the representation.

If a person is convicted of a crime in the criminal matter, we look at the conviction. If someone is charged with attempted murder, aggravated assault, simple assault, reckless endangerment, and possession of a small amount of marijuana, and are found not guilty of all charges, the person mostly likely can pursue a police brutality action. If the person is acquitted of all charges except the marijuana, then they can still have a police brutality action in state court. However, if they are convicted of attempted murder and aggravated assault, they most likely do not have a righteous police brutality matter.

We want to know what happened, what role did the potential plaintiff play in the incident? In other words, who should be held liable for the acts that occurred: the police officer, the city or town in which the incident occurred, or the potential plaintiff. We closely look to the acts of the parties involved and try to discern who is at fault.

YouTube Preview Image

Share/Save/Bookmark

Am I Limited Tort or Full Tort?

June 26th, 2010 by Gabriel Z. Levin

The answer to this question is very important. Many times your tort status will determine if you can recover for injuries sustained in a car accident. In Pennsylvania drivers must choose between limited tort and full tort options when auto insurance policies are purchased. The full tort option allows the insured (and the members of the insured’s household) to collect for damages related to pain and suffering in automobile accidents. This is true irrespective of the seriousness of the injury.

If you select the limited tort option you give up your right to sue for pain and suffering unless you suffer a “serious injury.” Under the Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law, a “serious injury” is defined as a “Personal injury resulting in death, serious impairment of body function or permanent serious disfigurement.”

When choosing coverage I always recommend to people that they purchase full tort. The difference in price is nominal in comparison to the value of the right you are giving up by electing for limited tort.car accident

car accident

Limited Tort or Full Tort?

Share/Save/Bookmark

What rights do crime victims have?

June 25th, 2010 by Gabriel Z. Levin

Many victims of crime believe that their only source for justice is the District Attorney’s office. This is true in one respect. The defendant can only be punished and sent to jail if the District Attorney prosecutes the case. What if someone’s negligence assisted a criminal in committing a crime against you? What if there was a duty of care that an organization failed to deliver that lead to you being the victim of a crime? The answer is that you can recover from them under a variety of tort theories. Crime victims have rights. Far to often these rights are never asserted. I will clarify with an example. Imagine a woman is raped in a hotel room. The rapist gained entry to the room because the cleaning lady failed to lock the window after she was done making the room. Her failure to secure the room and protect the occupant was negligent and the hotel can be held liable for damages associated with the rape. This is true even though the rapist had no association with the hotel and the hotel did not conspire in anyway with the rapist. At Levin & Zeiger LLP we consult with victims of crime and explain what their rights are to determine if a case exists.

Victim Support

Crime Victims Have Rights

Share/Save/Bookmark

Suicide in a Cell?

February 14th, 2010 by Brian Zeiger

Suicide in a cell? Man’s family is skeptical

WHY WOULD a 36-year-old man with two children, a loving family, a girlfriend whom he planned to marry and no history of mental-health problems commit suicide?

Why would he do it in a West Philadelphia police station, after being picked up on a bench warrant for missing a status hearing for allegedly selling bootleg DVDs?

And how could he do it in a cell with a solid ceiling and while on crutches and in a cast, having just been released from the hospital three days prior?

These are the questions Brian Irvin’s family can’t answer and can’t get over.

According to police, Irvin used his sweatshirt to hang himself in a holding cell in the 18th Police District, at 55th and Pine streets, about 3:40 p.m. Feb. 3.

He had been stopped at 8:50 a.m. that day at 59th and Market streets for “loitering and acting suspicious,” and when cops ran a check on his name, they discovered that a bench warrant had been issued for his arrest on Feb. 1, said Homicide Sgt. Robert Kuhlmeier, who is supervising the investigation into Irvin’s death.

The bench warrant was for his failure to show up for a status hearing on a charge of “unauthorized transfer of sounds on recording devices,” police said.

The charge regards allegations that Irvin possessed, reproduced or tried to sell bootleg DVDs, according to police.

His girlfriend of 12 years, Sharon Baker, said that the DVDs he was arrested for carrying were for his personal use and that the device he was found with was a DVD player, not a recorder.

She acknowledged that the movies he had were copies, but said that he had no more than one copy of each film and that he had not been trying to sell them.

Irvin’s family doesn’t deny that he had several other arrests in his background for drugs, theft and related offenses, but said that he had never done hard time and that his drug arrests had been for smoking or having marijuana.

Most of Irvin’s arrests did not result in convictions and for those that did, he appears to have served nothing but probation, court records show. His most serious charge was for aggravated assault, but those charges were withdrawn.

“Yeah, he’s been arrested numerous times, but why now, for something petty – why would he hang himself now?” Irvin’s older brother, Galen, said. “I could see if they sentence you to a hundred years. Yeah, maybe things start going through your mind, but not for this.”

In the living room of the family home in University City, Baker, Galen Irvin, and Irvin’s parents, George and Lynda, talked about Brian as a “happy-go-lucky, free-spirited and outgoing man,” with no history of mental-health problems.

“I know my son didn’t kill himself,” George Irvin said.

“We all know he didn’t kill himself,” the group responded in unison.

But the family’s assertions are contrary to the medical examiner’s report, which ruled that Irvin’s death was a suicide by hanging, according to Jeff Moran, spokesman for the M.E.’s office.

Irvin’s family said, aside from the unlikelihood that Brian would have hanged himself over a minor charge, it would have been physically improbable for him to do so.

Irvin, who worked as a day laborer, had surgery on his ankle Jan. 29 and pins, screws and a cast were set in place, Lynda Irvin said. He was released from the hospital Jan. 31 – on crutches. Baker said he couldn’t stand without them when he left her house about 7:30 a.m. Feb. 3. to pick up clothing. That was the last time she or any other acquaintance saw or heard from him.

Not only would it have been difficult for Irvin to stand without the crutches, but he also would have had to hang himself from the bars of the cell, since the ceilings are solid, the family and their civil-rights attorney, Brian Zeiger, said.

“He’d have to have tied a sweatshirt on the top of the vertical bar [on his cell door], have it not slide down or have it rest on a horizontal bar, then climb up there, on crutches, having just undergone surgery, without anyone else seeing him,” said Zeiger.

Kuhlmeier, the police supervisor, said he would not get into the “dimensions” or the height that Irvin hanged himself at, but said that hanging one’s self from anything is possible.

“You can hang yourself from a toilet bowl on the floor as long as you’re pressing against your airway,” he said. “A height is convenient, quicker, but you can do it from a low point.”

Kuhlmeier said Irvin was alone in his cell when the hanging occurred.

Zeiger, who typically handles criminal cases and is familiar with the cell setup at the 18th, said he finds it hard to believe that no one in the usually busy cellblock noticed that Irvin was trying to hang himself.

“There’s sometimes so many people that there’s not enough room for everybody to lay down,” said Zeiger. “The idea that there’s one guy in a cell by himself and that nobody hears him or sees him is absolutely baffling to me.”

Kuhlmeier said checks are done on the cells by officers every 15 minutes. He would not say when Irvin was last seen alive, but said that he was found hanging at 3:40 p.m. and that police cut him down, performed CPR and called medics, who transported him to Mercy Hospital.

“He was pronounced at 4:32 at the hospital,” Kuhlmeier said. “Whatever police and medics did, it kept him alive for an hour.”

But the Irvin family said that medics had never been called and that they had been told by a hospital official, who informed them of their son’s death at 4:56 p.m., that police had brought him to the hospital.

“The woman who called said my son was brought in with no heartbeat, no pulse, no response,” Lynda Irvin said. “I asked who brought him in and she said, ‘The police.’

“The way the lady worded it, I knew the hospital was separating themselves from this case. She assured me he did not die there. He was brought there dead.”

Kuhlmeier, whose department, along with Internal Affairs, is investigating the death, as is protocol for all unusual cell-block occurrences, said they were awaiting toxicology results from the Medical Examiner’s Office.

“At this point though, there’s nothing questionable about the case,” he said.

Although he could not quote numbers or statistics, Kuhlmeier said cell block suicides and deaths happen “occasionally.”

But this is one occasion the Irvins cannot observe without question.

“We were talking about getting married within a year,” Baker said. “Everyone cared about him and loved him. He had things to live for.”

Share/Save/Bookmark

Valley Swim Club Update

September 24th, 2009 by Brian Zeiger

The PA HRC has ruled in our favor.

Valley Swim Club - HRC Ruling

Valley Swim Club - HRC Ruling

Share/Save/Bookmark

Update to Valley Swim Club

September 23rd, 2009 by Brian Zeiger

The PA HRC rules on our side.

Share/Save/Bookmark

Valley Swim Club

September 23rd, 2009 by Brian Zeiger

Mr. Levin was recently interviewed regarding the Valley Swim Club Civil Rights matter. See the interview below:

Share/Save/Bookmark

Copyright © 2010 Levin & Zeiger, LLP. All rights reserved. Review our disclaimer.
Website by Legal Internet Solutions Incorporated.
Levin & Zeiger, LLP, 123 South Broad Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA 19109 v: 215.825.5183 f:215.279.8702